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Henry le Despenser (''c.'' 1341–1406) was a 14th-century English nobleman and Bishop of Norwich whose reputation as the 'Fighting Bishop' was gained for his part in suppressing the Peasants' Revolt in East Anglia and in defeating the peasants at the Battle of North Walsham in the summer of 1381. As a young man he studied at Oxford University and held numerous positions in the English Church. He fought in Italy before being consecrated as a bishop in 1370. Parliament agreed to allow Despenser to lead a crusade to Flanders in 1383, which was directed against Louis II of Flanders, a supporter of the antipope Clement VII. The crusade was in defence of English economic and political interests. Although well funded, the expedition was poorly equipped and lacked proper military leadership. After initial successes, a disastrous attempt to besiege the city of Ypres forced Despenser to return to England. Upon his return he was impeached in parliament. His temporalities were confiscated by Richard II of England, but were returned in 1385, the year he accompanied the king northward to repel a potential French invasion of Scotland. Despenser was an energetic and able administrator who staunchly defended his diocese against Lollardy. In 1399, he was among those who stood by Richard, following the landing of Henry Bolingbroke in Yorkshire towards the end of June. He was arrested for refusing to come to terms with Bolingbroke. The following year, he was implicated in the Epiphany Rising, but was pardoned. ==Birth and ancestry== Henry le Despenser was the youngest son of Edward le Despenser (1310–1342), who married Anne (died 1367),〔''DNB''〕 daughter of Sir Ralph Ferrers of Groby. Henry was born around 1342, the year that his father was killed at the siege of Vannes.〔DNB (1900)〕 He and his three brothers all grew up to become soldiers. His eldest brother Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer〔Burke, B. (1814–1892), ''A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British Empire'' (1869) p.670 ( online version )〕 (around 1335–1375) was reputed to be one of the greatest knights of his age: he and Henry fought together for Pope Urban V in his war against Milan in 1369.〔 Comparatively little is known of his other siblings: Hugh le Despenser fought abroad and died in Padua in March 1374, Thomas fought in France and died unmarried in 1381 and Gilbert le Despenser died in 1382. Their sister Joan was a nun at Shaftesbury Abbey until her death in 1384.〔Allington-Smith, p.3-4〕 The le Despenser family originated from the lords of Gomiécourt in north-eastern France.〔Allington-Smith, p.1〕 Henry's grandmother Eleanor de Clare was a granddaughter of Edward I of England. His great-grandfather Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester (1262–1326) and grandfather Hugh Despenser the Younger (1286–1326), who was a favourite of Edward II, were both exiled and later executed after the rebellion of Queen Isabella and her lover Mortimer against Edward II of England.〔May McKisack, ''The Fourteenth Century 1307–1399''〕 Hugh le Despenser became Edward II's adviser, holding power until the king's defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn, but he was later restored to favour. His son was appointed the king's chamberlain and enjoyed a still larger share of royal favour. The barons were hostile to the Despensers, due to their acquired wealth and perceived arrogance, and in 1321 they were banished.〔''The Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 (On-line version )〕 After their sentences were annulled they returned to court and from 1322 they played an important role in the governing of the country. However, in 1326 Isabella acted against them and both men were tried and executed. Despenser's nephew Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester succeeded his father Edward in 1375. Thomas was captured and killed following the attempt to restore Richard II in the Epiphany Rising. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry le Despenser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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